O projeto de janelas considera os efeitos do meio externo, tais como o ganho de calor solar e a iluminação natural, os quais podem ser conflitantes. Specific conclusions were drawn to emphasise the efficiency of developed shading systems in the tropics. Three main categories of shading systems were identified based on the energy involvement and the design approach: (i) passive systems with zero energy use, (ii) active systems that use mechanical devices and (iii) hybrid systems integrated with a biomimetic approach. This study used evidence review to evaluate various types and models of shading systems based on a systematic method to identify patterns and trends through classification and comparison. Therefore, the main objective of this work is to investigate the challenges and future trends of solar shading systems by examining their mechanisms, functions and materials for application in tropical regions. The implementation of conventional shading systems in the tropics has been proven to have limitations in terms of controlling the quantity and quality of received solar light throughout the year, especially at different solar angles with varying sky conditions. Most high-rise office buildings in the tropics, particularly in Malaysia and Singapore, exceed the required level of the energy efficiency index.
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